Finding your key concepts
You do not have to have a clear and concise research question to get started searching for information. However, you need to have some kind of idea of what you want to explore and start from those concepts.
Think of your topic or area of interest. What are the most important aspects or key terms? Work with these initially. Take some time to work on synonyms and related words. While you are searching, you will revise your keywords throughout the search process.
Search techniques
In order to search effectively and find relevant hits, it is important to understand how the databases interpret your keywords and how you can combine them.
Combining search terms with OR
housing OR accommodation
- retrieves any of the search terms
- the more search terms you combine with OR the better you cover the research area
Combining search terms with AND
urbanization AND sustainability
- retrieves all of the concepts
- makes the search narrower
Phrase searching
"real estate market"
- use if you want to search for a specific phrase
- excludes records where the search terms aren't written as a phrase
- narrows the search
Truncation
Swed* retrieves both sweden, swedish and swedes
- Often done with an asterisk (*)
- searches for word variations
- broadens the search
Combining your key words in advanced search
Always go to "advanced search" in the databases, then you can easily transfer your keywords with synonyms in different blocks. Try out which combination of words gives you a relevant hit list.
Using an interesting article to find more
When finding an interesting article you might want to try the strategies below in order to identify other search terms and related research articles.
Subject terms
Check how the database has tagged an interesting article with subject terms and author keywords. Are there terms that you have not tried yet? You might find terms that better describe different aspects of your topic. Search further within your topic with these terms to find even more relevant articles.
Backward chaining
Check the reference lists of relevant sources to see which works they have cited. This is a good way of find earlier research about your topic.
Forward chaining
You can also check if your chosen source have been cited by someone else. This works best for articles that are a few years old, as they are more likely to have been cited than brand new sources. In Google Scholar, Search for the title and click "Cited by..." to find other works citing your chosen source.
